Vaporization burner



March 1946 G. P. KITTEL ETAL VAPORIZATION BURNER Filed Sept. 2, 1944 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTORS 650 265 I? K/ TTEL PAUL D. WOLLNER M few- ATTO R N EYS March 12, 1946. G, P, mTEL Em 2,396,577

VAPORI ZAT ION BURNER Filed Sept. 2, 1944 2 Sheefs-Sheet 2 iii 4 'INVENTORS 60R6E Elf/TTEL Fm/L- D. WaLL/VER ATTORN EYS Patented Mar. 12, 1946 VAPORIZATION BURNER George P. Kittel, West New York, and Paul D.

Wollner, Weehawken N. J assignors, by mesne assignments, to Aeroil Products Company, West New York,

N. J., an unincorporated association Application September 2, 1944, Serial No. 552,446

1 Claim.

This invention has general reference to burners for liquid fuels and refers more particularly to an improved burner for vaporizing and burning the higher grades of liquid hydrocarbon fuels such as kerosene, light Diesel oils, gasoline and the like.

The invention has for some of its principal objects the provision of a vaporization burner which is so constructed and functions in such a manner as to obtain a more rapid and effective vaporization of the fuel, a cleaner and steadier flame jet with little if any fluctuation and requiring less frequent cleaning of the burner, one in which the parts thereof are readily accessible for cleansing and removal of carbon deposits and a burner which is adaptable for burning various grades of fuel at widely varying pressure ranges.

More particularly, the invention resides in a burner of the indicated character, which includes a member serving in the capacity of a flame spreader and functioning as a novel type of vaporizing chamber containing means which operates to stabilize the pressure, effect a more rapid and uniform application of the heat to the liquid fuel delivered to the member and which means further functions to filter impurities and solid matter from the liquid and liquid vapors to prevent clogging of the burner nozzle orifice, said means being readily accessible for removal and cleansing or for renewal thereof periodically.

The invention further comprehends an improved burner of the type specified embodying compressed air means for initially atomizing the fuel to facilitate and expedite the starting operation after which the vaporization of the fuel is accomplished by the heat generated by the burner.

With the above enumerated and other objects in view, the invention is set forth in greater detail in the following specification, particularly pointed out in the appended claim and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. l is a vertical sectional view of a burner constructed in accordance with one form of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the burner with parts thereof broken away to disclose the under-' lying structure.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary detail side view showing one of the bayonet slot connections between the housing and the bottom wall.

Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of a modified form of the invention.

Fig. 5 is a front end view of the same.

Fig. 6 is a longitudinal sectional View of another modification of the invention.

Fig. 7 is a front end view thereof.

Referring to the drawings by characters of reference and particularly to the form of the invention illustrated in Figs. 1 to 3 inclusive which discloses the invention as applied to a vertical type of burner, l0 designates a tubular or hollow cylindrical open ended casing or housing having an outwardly flared frusto-conical rim at the upper end thereof indicated by the reference character I I. The casing is also provided with a circumferentially spaced series of draft openings I2 near the lower end thereof and with a vertical notch l3 at one side thereof which opens through the lower edge of the casing. The lower end portion of the casing I0 is telescopically fitted within the upstanding marginal flange M of a base or bottom I 5 and is detachably connected therewith by means of circumferentially spaced bolts 16 extending radially outward through openings I! in the casing and through bayonet slots 18 in the marginal flange I4 with wing nuts l9 engaging the protruding threaded outer ends of the bolts to facilitate the easy and rapid assembly and disassembly of the casing and base or bottom. The base is formed with a plurality of down struck semi-spherical ofiset portions 2|] which constitute feet for supporting the burner in spaced relation to and above the floor or other supporting surface.

A fitting 2| is secured to the upper surface of the base or bottom l5 and said fitting is formed with an elbow passage 22 having threaded inlet and outlet ports 23 and 24 openingthrough the upper surface thereof and extending downwardly therefrom and communicating respectively with the elbow passage 22. A fuel nozzle 25 is threadedly engaged in the outlet port 24 and is sealed therein by a suitable gasket 26, said nozzle being formed with an orifice 21, the axis of which is disposed vertically and substantially concentric with the casing II].

A conduit pipe 28 is threadedly engaged in the inlet port 23 of the fitting 2| and extends upwardly therefrom into the interior of a hollow preferably circular member 29 near the upper wall 30 thereof which wall as shown is of concavo-convex form, as is the lower wall 3|. A supply pipe or conduit 32 leads from a source of liquid fuel under pressure (not shown) and extends inwardly through the upper-portion of the vertical notch l3 in the casing I9 and has an upwardly directed outlet terminal 33 protruding into and communicating with the interior of the hollow member 29 adjacent to the upper wall 30 fitting and arranged in axial alignment with and spaced below the outlet port 24. An injector nozzle 38 is threadedly engaged in said outlet and protrudes upwardly and into the holof the burner nozzle 25.-

port 31 low lower end portion The injector nozzle 38 is formed with an orifice- 39 disposed vertically and in axial alignment with the orifice 21 of the burner nozzle 25;

A conduit pipe 40 is threadedly engaged in the side inlet port 35 of the fitting 2| and extends radially outward and through the lower portion of the notch 13 of the casing H1. The conduit pipe 40 leads to a source of fluid under pressure (not shown) preferably compressed air which may be obtained by tapping the same into the fuel reservoir. above the level of thefuel therein where a fluid pressure is utilized for feeding the fuel to the burner and a valve 4| is interposed in said conduit pipe 40 for cutting off, permitting of and controlling the fluid pressure.

In use and operation, the burner is initially started by opening the valve 34 which controlsthe fuel supply pipe 32- thus permitting the liquid fuel-to be fed into the member 29. When a suflicient amount of the liquid fuel has been fed to fill the member 29, the fitting 2l and the lower portion of the conduit pipe 28 up to a level where a small quantity thereof overflows and runs out of the burner nozzle 25into the base |5, which serves asa receptacle therefor, said liquid fuel in the base isignited. The'valve 44 is then opened to permit the compressed air to flow through the conduit pipe 40, the angulated passage '36 of the fitting 2| and to be discharged-from the injector nozzle 38 where it functions to atomize the fuel fed through the burner nozzle 25. The fuel thus atomized by the compressed air pressure is discharged from the burner nozzle 25 in the form of a spray jet which is ignited by the burning liquid fuel in the base I5 and the flame jet is directed toward and impinged against the under ide of the hollow member 29 containing the liquid fuel. The casing or housing Illthus serves as a mixing and combustion chamber A, while an annular burner outlet B fo the name jet is 'defin'ed'at the upperend of said chamber between the outer periphery of'mernber' 29' and the flared rim H- at the upper end-of the casing. The heatgenerated within the hollow member '29 by the impingement of the flame jet there against functions to vaporize the -fuel received thereby after the burner has been inoperation for a short period of time and vaporized fuel will thereafter be delivered'to the burner nozzle 25, so that. the compressed air. may then be:discontinued byfclosing the valve H to shut off the supply thereof; Under thisconstruction and mode of operation, it will thus be understood that the member 29 serves in the capacity of aflame director or spreader as well as defining a'vaporization chamber 0 for the liquid fuel.

In order to effect a more rapid transmission and uniform distribution of the heat throughout the interior of the member 29 and throughout the volume of liquid fuel contained therein, while serving as means for filtering the liquidffuel and the vapors produced to remove solid matter or impurities therefrom and trap the same in the member, said member is filled with a mass of heat and corrosion resistant material which i a good heat conductor and which is in a fibrous, shredded or membranous form such as the steel wool shown by way of example and indicated by the reference characte 42. This mass is indiscriminately arranged within the member 29 so as to subdivide the same'into a multiplicity of tiny interconnected cells interspersed by the fibres, shreds or membranes which operate as a damper for controlling the fiowvelocity of the vaporized fuel from the member 29 through the pipe 28 and to the burner nozzle-25 so-as to minimize the fluctuation of the flamejet and produce a more uniform and steamer-flame resulting in a more even application of the heat generated by the burner.

In'the modification shown in Figs. 4 and 5, the burner is of the horizontal torch type and includes a tubular casing or housing which is in theform of an elongatedhollow cylinder open at the: opposite ends anddisposed horizontally. An eblow fittingo46 is secured within the upper portionof'thecasing 45 adjacent to -the rear end 41 thereof and is disposed in a dependingposition.

The fitting is formed with vertically spaced horizontally disposed threaded inletandoutletports 48 and "opening through the forward face of the fitting, and a burne nozzle 50 is threadedly engaged in the latter, portandtha an orifice Si directed toward the'for-ward outlet end 52. A conduit pipe 53i-s threadedly engaged with the inlet port 48 and communicates with the elbow fitting 46 and extends therefrom alongjthe upper portion ofrthe casing with the forward end of said pipe protruding into andcommunicatingwith a hollow annular member-54 snugly fitted within the forward outlet end 52: of the casing. The inner peri-phery'of the'member- 54 defines a burner outlet D, while the interior. of theicasing or housing 45 constitutes a-mixingand combustion chamberE. A-fuel supplypipe -55: communicates with the interior ofthe annula member; 54 which constitutes avaporizingchamber Fand said supply pipe 55 extends rearwardly therefrom along the lower portion of the casing :45 and through an upstanding lip 56 at the rear end 41 of the casing, said pipe leadingtoia-source of liquid fuel supply (not shown). Stainless steelwool 51 or an equivalent material fo thepurposes previously specified is arranged within the hollow annular member 54 and the device operates in substantially the same manner, and upon the'same principle as in the preceding form of the invention with the exception thatin this instance the lower portion ofthe casing 45cserves'as'a receptacle for the'liquid fuel when/theb'urner is initially started, it being understoodthatthe lip :56 at therear end and the member. 54'. at the forward end function 'to retail: thequ'a ntity of liq-llid fuel required 'tost'altthe burnen.

In the modified adaptation of the invention disclosed in'Figs: 6 and 7, which is also of the nonzontal torch type, the open ended hollow cylindrical casing 80 its-forward outlet end '8 I tape'red or constricted. An elbow fitting 52 is supported within and depends from the upper portion of casing adjacent to the rear end 53 thereof and said fitting is formed with inlet and outlet ports and and witha-burner'nozzleifi fitted in the outlet port. A conduit pipe '67 communicates with the inlet port 64 and extends "therefrom a'longthe upper portionof'thecasing 6'8 and protrudes'lnto and communicates with a hollow cylmdrlcal member 68 constituting a vaporizing chamber G. The member 68 which is of smaller diameter than the tapered outlet end 6| of the casing 60 is formed with semi-spherical opposite end walls and is supported concentrically within said outlet end by circumferentially spaced radial fins 69 so as to define an annular burner outlet H. A fuel supply conduit 10 leading from within the member 68 extends along the lower portion of the casing and protrudes from the rear end thereof and through an upstanding lip H. The conduit 10 communicates with a source of liquid fuel supply (not shown) and stainless steel wool 12 is arranged within the member 68, while the casing 60 defines a fuel mixing and combustion chamber I. In this instance the burner functions in precisely the same manner and operates upon the same principle as the previously described forms.

In all of the forms of the invention it is understood that the steel wool or equivalent filling for the vaporizing chambers is adapted to be periodically removed, cleansed and replaced or replaced by a new mass of the material. It is also apparent that all of the removable parts of the burners are easily accessible for removal, cleaning and 4 replacement.

What is claimed is:

A vaporizing burner for liquid hydrocarbon fuels including a hollow, cylindrical housing defining a mixing and combustion chamber and having an outwardly fiared frusto-conical rim at the upper end thereof, an upwardly directed fuel nozzle supported centrally within the housing, a hollow cylindrical member having convex upper and lower walls supported concentrically within the flared upper end with the periphery of said member spaced from the rim to define an annular burner outlet and serving as a fuel vaporizing chamber, a fuel supply pipe having its upper portion extending upwardly through the upper portion of the housing and into said hollow member with the upper end of said pipe located adjacent the top of said hollow member and in communication therewith, a conduit having an open upper end located within said hollow member adjacent the top thereof and leading from said member and communicating at its lower end with the said nozzle for conveying vaporized fuel thereto from said hollow member for burning of the same in a jet form impinged against the bottom of the hollow member for heating the fuel therein and said hollow member serving to spread and direct the flame through the annular outlet, a mass of steel Wool indiscriminately arranged in and filling said hollow member and serving to rapidly and uniformly transmit the heat throughout the interior of the hollow member while serving to filter the liquid and liquid vapors and to control the flow viscosity of the vapors so as to minimize fluctuation of the flame jet and an air supply pipe connected with said nozzle below the outlet thereof for directing air under pressure through the nozzle for initially atomizing the fuel fed thereto in liquid form during the starting of the burner.

GEORGE P. KITTEL. PAUL D. WOLLNER. 

